Publications: PopulationThe phrase "population statistics" as used by the Census Bureau refers to much more than simply the "number of inhabitants" in an area. The Census Bureau provides census count and current estimates of the number of inhabitants of the Nation, regions, States, cities, counties, and other areas. It also furnishes a wide variety of information on social and economic characteristics of the population, such as household composition, ethnicity, and income and in-depth reports are prepared on important social, economic, and demographic issues. ca. 1940s-present.