UCI Machine Learning Repository: A collection of databases, domain theories, and data generators that are used by the machine learning community for the empirical analysis of machine learning algorithms. It has been widely used by students, educators, and researchers all over the world as a primary source of machine learning data sets.
WordNet: A large lexical database of English. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are grouped into sets of cognitive synonyms (synsets), each expressing a distinct concept.
ImageNet: An image database organized according to the WordNet hierarchy (currently only the nouns), in which each node of the hierarchy is depicted by hundreds and thousands of images.
Open Data for Deep Learning: Maintained by a model deployment platform, Skymind. Has a collection of open datasets.
StateOfTheArt.ai: An entirely community-driven website for tasks, datasets, metrics, or results.
Papers With Code: The mission of Papers With Code is to create a free and open resource with Machine Learning papers, code, and evaluation tables.
NLP-progress: Repository to track the progress in Natural Language Processing (NLP), including the datasets and the current state-of-the-art for the most common NLP tasks.
Nature Scientific Data has a very good list of recommended subject-specific repositories.
LearnSphere: Integrates existing and new educational data and analysis repositories to offer the world's largest learning analytics infrastructure with methods, linked data, and portal access to relevant resources.
DataShop: A data repository and web application for learning science researchers. It provides secure data storage as well as an array of analysis and visualization tools available through a web-based interface.
United Nations Data Catalog: A comprehensive and representative overview of UN system open data assets.
Data.gov: US government's open data, tools, and resources.
OpenEI: Maintained by CKAN. Includes industry open data.
WorldData.AI: A searchable digital platform that provides access to 3.3 Billion curated datasets across macroeconomics, trade, labour statistics, financial markets, weather, health, and demographics.
R3data.org (Registry of Research Data Repositories): A global registry of research data repositories from all academic disciplines. It provides an overview of existing research data repositories in order to help researchers to identify a suitable repository for their data.
FAIRsharing.org: A curated, informative, and educational resource on data and metadata standards, databases, policies, and collections. Contains many collections in the biomedical field.
KiltHub: CMU's institutional repository. Contains a collection of manuscripts, datasets, presentations, and theses from CMU authors. See this guide for more information.
Open Science Framework: An open-source web platform for researchers to manage their projects and share data. See this guide for more information.