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Ethics of Artificial Intelligence by
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies rapidly progress, questions about the ethics of AI, in both the near-future and the long-term, become more pressing than ever. This volume features seventeen original essays by prominent AI scientists and philosophers and represents the state-of-the-art thinking in this fast-growing field. Organized into four sections, this volume explores the issues surrounding how to build ethics into machines; ethical issues in specific technologies, including self-driving cars, autonomous weapon systems, surveillance algorithms, and sex robots; the long term risks of superintelligence; and whether AI systems can be conscious or have rights.Though the use and practical applications of AI are growing exponentially, discussion of its ethical implications is still in its infancy. This volume provides an invaluable resource for thinking through the ethical issues surrounding AI today and for shaping the study and development of AI in the coming years.
Technology Is Not Neutral by
It seems that just about every new technology that we bring to bear on improving our lives brings with it some downside, side effect or unintended consequence. These issues can pose very real and growing ethical problems for all of us. For example, automated facial recognition can make life easier and safer for us - but it also poses huge issues with regard to privacy, ownership of data and even identity theft. How do we understand and frame these debates, and work out strategies at personal and governmental levels? Technology Is Not Neutral: A Short Guide to Technology Ethics addresses one of today's most pressing problems: how to create and use tools and technologies to maximize benefits and minimize harms? Drawing on the author's experience as a technologist, political risk analyst and historian, the book offers a practical and cross-disciplinary approach that will inspire anyone creating, investing in or regulating technology, and it will empower all readers to better hold technology to account.
Ethics and the Limits of Technology by
This includes a meta-ethical discussion of moral objectivity, philosophical anthropology, and moral history. On the basis of that discussion, conclusions are drawn about ethical debates in the domains of medicine, biotechnology, and information technology.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence by
This open access collection of AI ethics case studies is the first book to present real-life case studies combined with commentaries and strategies for overcoming ethical challenges. Case studies are one of the best ways to learn about ethical dilemmas and to achieve insights into various complexities and stakeholder perspectives. Given the omnipresence of AI ethics in academic, policy and media debates, the book will be suitable for a wide range of audiences, from scholars of different disciplines (e.g. AI science, ethics, politics, philosophy, economics) to policy-makers, lobbying NGOs, teachers and the educated public.
Ethics and Error in Medicine by
This book is a collection of original, interdisciplinary essays on the topic of medical error. Given the complexities of understanding, preventing, and responding to medical error in ethically responsible ways, the scope of the book is fairly broad. The contributors include top scholars and practitioners working in bioethics, communication, law, medicine and philosophy. Their contributions examine preventable causes of medical error, disproportionate impacts of errors on vulnerable populations, disclosure and apology after discovering medical errors, and ethical issues arising in specific medical contexts, such as radiation oncology, psychopathy, and palliative care. They also offer practical recommendations for respecting autonomy, distributing burdens and benefits justly, and minimizing injury to patients and other stakeholders. Ethics and Error in Medicine will be of interest to a wide range of researchers, students, and practitioners in bioethics, philosophy, communication studies, law, and medicine who are interested in the ethics of medical error.
General Databases
1923-present. Unbiased research reports on timely topics. Each report provides an introduction, overview, background, current situation, outlook chronology, pro/con, bibliography, etc. Keyword search for additional reports also show links to other relevant reports. Database Guide.
An interdisciplinary, international, full-text database of over 18,000 sources including newspapers, journals, wire services, newsletters, company reports and SEC filings, case law, government documents, transcripts of broadcasts, and selected reference works.
Political & Policy Databases
A U.S. national data and mapping tool and analytics platform with multidisciplinary applications. Useful for social sciences, urban studies, real estate and housing analysis, community and economic development, public administration, public health, policy and political science, education, business, economics, statistics, and geography, among others. Includes thousands of U.S. data indicators for demographic and socioeconomic analysis, from a neighborhood census block group in many cases, up to a national level.
Other Databases
Freely-accessible online encyclopedia of philosophy maintained by Stanford University.
iPoll is a comprehensive, up-to-date source for US nationwide public opinion. A full-text retrieval system, the iPoll online database is organized at the question level, providing the tools to sift through nearly a half million questions asked on national public opinion surveys, 1935 to present. Surveys archived in the Roper Catalog were originally gathered by academic, commercial and media survey organizations such as Gallup Organization, Harris Interactive, Pew Research Associates, and many more.
ScienceDirect is SciVerse's leading full-text scientific database offering science, medical and technical (STM) journal articles and book chapters from more than 2,500 peer-reviewed journals and over 11,000 books. Content may be mined for noncommercial purposes using the ScienceDirect APIs. Please view the terms and conditions for more information and how to gain access. Or contact your liaison librarian for more information.
One of the key components of citation styles are the works cited page or bibliography, which lists the resources used in your paper in alphabetical order. We have listed some of the most common examples of MLA, APA, Chicago, and IEEE style citations below; for further questions or tricky cases, consult a style manual or feel free to reach out to your course librarians at fyw-libraries@andrew.cmu.edu
| Material Type | Works Cited |
|---|---|
| Book in print | Clarke, Susanna. Piranesi. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021. |
| eBook | Winant, Gabriel. The Next Shift: The Fall of Industry and the Rise of Health Care in Rust Belt America. Harvard University Press, 2021. JSTOR, doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1g4rv6k. |
| An article in a print journal | Parkinson, Gavin. “Surrealism, Science Fiction, and Comic Books.” Science-Fiction Studies, vol. 37, no. 2, 2010, pp. 344–45. |
| An article in an electronic journal | Onishi, Brian Hisao. “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks.” Environmental Philosophy, vol. 17, no. 2, 2020, pp. 199–219. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27252212 |
| An encyclopedia entry |
Hughes, William. “Ecocriticism.” Historical Dictionary of Gothic Literature, edited by Jon Woronoff, Scarecrow Press, 2013, pp. 93–94. |
| A film/DVD | Everything Everywhere All at Once. Directed by Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, A24, 2022. |
| A Page on a Website with no author* | "Storytelling in the Mountains: Cryptids create curious tales." The Bluegrass Standard, 1 Sep. 2023. www.thebluegrassstandard.com/post/storytelling-in-the-mountains-cryptids-create-curious-tales. |
| A Page on a Website with an author | Chipman, Ian. "What can Mary Shelley’s classic, Frankenstein, teach us today?" Technology & Society, Stanford University, 10 Apr. 2018. engineering.stanford.edu/magazine/article/what-can-mary-shelley-s-classic-frankenstein-teach-us-today |
| Artwork - from website | Simboli, Raymond. Pinkerton Riot, Pittsburgh. 1948. Carnegie Museum of Art, collection.carnegieart.org/objects/1008e604-7839-4943-8240-7be2ab65c1b3 |
*Remember that a company or institution can be an "author"
The go-to resource for writers of humanities research papers and anyone citing sources is now available online through institutional subscriptions. MLA Handbook Plus includes the full text of the ninth edition of the handbook, the second editions of both the MLA Guide to Digital Literacy and the MLA Guide to Undergraduate Research in Literature, as well as video courses.
MLA Handbook by | Material Type | Works Cited |
|---|---|
| Book with One Author |
Winant, G. (2021). The next shift: The fall of industry and the rise of health care in rust belt America. Harvard University Press. |
| Chapter in Edited Book |
Tarr, J. A. (1989). Infrastructure and City-Building in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. In S. P. Hays (Ed.), City At The Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh (pp. 213–264). University of Pittsburgh Press.
|
| Journal Article |
Onishi, B. H. (2020). The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks. Environmental Philosophy, 17(2), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.5840/envirophil20211596. |
| An encyclopedia entry | Hughes, W. (2013). Ecocriticism. In J. Woronoff (Ed.), Historical dictionary of gothic literature (pp. 93–94). Scarecrow Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/cm/detail.action?docID=1144297 |
| Website with author |
Schaeffer, K. (2021, October 1). What we know about online learning and the homework gap amid the pandemic. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/10/01/what-we-know-about-online-learning-and-the-homework-gap-amid-the-pandemic/ |
| A film/DVD | Curry, T. (Director), & Nelson, S. (Director). (2021). Attica [Film]. Showtime Documentary Films. |
| Report by Government Agency | National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf |
| A Page on Government Agency Website | National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml |
| Newspaper | Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html |
In APA, you use the same format for print books and ebooks. For ebooks, the format or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.
Publication Manual, 7th Edition of the American Psychological Association by Chicago uses two styles: Notes and Bibliography (or NB) and Author-date. The notes and bibliography style is preferred by many in the humanities, including those in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes (foot or end) and also a bibliography. This guide uses NB for examples.
| Material Type | Works Cited |
|---|---|
| Book* |
Note: 1. Gabriel Winant, The Next Shift: The Fall of Industry and the Rise of Health Care in Rust Belt America (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2021), 108-109. Duplicate Note: 2. Winant, The Next Shift, 25. Bibliography: Winant, Gabriel. The Next Shift: The Fall of Industry and the Rise of Health Care in Rust Belt America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2021. |
| Chapter in Edited Book |
Note: 1. Joel A. Tarr, “Infrastructure and City-Building in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries,” in City At The Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, ed. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991), 213. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/49/edited_volume/chapter/3959397. Duplicate Note: 2. Tarr, “Infrastructure and City-Building in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries,” 223. Bibliography: Tarr, Joel A. “Infrastructure and City-Building in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.” In City At The Point: Essays on the Social History of Pittsburgh, edited by Samuel Hays, 213–64. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/49/edited_volume/chapter/3959397. |
| Journal Article |
Note: 1. Brian H. Onishi, “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks.” Environmental Philosophy 17, no. 2 (Fall 2020): 199, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27252212. Duplicate Note: 2. Onishi, “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks,” 202. Bibliography: Onishi, Brian H. “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks.” Environmental Philosophy 17, no. 2 (Fall 2020): 199–219. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27252212. |
| An article in an electronic journal |
Note: 1. Brian H. Onishi, “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks.” Environmental Philosophy 17, no. 2 (Fall 2020): 199, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27252212. Duplicate Note: 2. Onishi, “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks,” 202. Bibliography: Onishi, Brian H. “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks.” Environmental Philosophy 17, no. 2 (Fall 2020): 199–219. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27252212. |
| Website with author |
Schaeffer, K. (2021, October 1). What we know about online learning and the homework gap amid the pandemic. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/10/01/what-we-know-about-online-learning-and-the-homework-gap-amid-the-pandemic/ |
| A film/DVD | Curry, T. (Director), & Nelson, S. (Director). (2021). Attica [Film]. Showtime Documentary Films. |
| Report by Government Agency | National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf |
| A Page on Government Agency Website | National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml |
| Newspaper | Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/health/memory-forgetting-psychology.html |
*For ebooks, add the book URL to the end of the first note and to the bibliography entry
For more examples, check out the book (ebook or print) of the Chicago Manual of Style, or their database (linked below).
The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition by Reference book for authors, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers.
The Basics:
In-text Citing Do not use an author's name, pages used, or date of publication in the in-text citation. Instead, refer to the source with a number in a square bracket, e.g. [1], that will then correspond to the full citation in your reference list. Some tips:
Examples of in-text citations:
"...as mentioned in my research [8]."
"For example, see [4]."
"Kowalk first patented this technique in 1982 [1]."
"McCoy [2] has argued that..."
"Several recent reports [3], [4], [15], [16] suggested that..."
List all references numerically in the order they've been cited within the paper, and include the bracketed number at the beginning of each reference.
Examples:
| Material Type | Works Cited |
|---|---|
| Book in print |
[1] G. Winant, The Next Shift: The Fall of Industry and the Rise of Health Care in Rust Belt America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2021. |
| eBook |
[2]
K. Barad, Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007. [E-book] Available: De Gruyter e-books.
|
| Chapter in Edited Book |
[3]
V. L. Norwood, “Heroines of Nature: Four Women Respond to the American Landscape,” in The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology, C. Glotfelty and H. Fromm, Eds., Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1996, pp. 323–350.
|
| eJournal Article in Database |
[4]
B. H. Onishi, “The Uncanny Wonder of Being Edible to Ticks,” Environmental Philosophy, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 199–219, 2020, Accessed: Aug. 15, 2024. [Online]. Available: JSTOR
|
| eJournal Article on Website |
[5]
S. H. Rogers, K. H. Gardner, and C. H. Carlson, “Social Capital and Walkability as Social Aspects of Sustainability,” Sustainability, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 3473–3483, 2013. [Online serial]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/5/8/3473. [Accessed Jan. 28, 2025].
|
| An encyclopedia entry |
[6]
K. C. O’Sullivan, “Health Impacts of Energy Poverty and Cold Indoor Temperature,” Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 436–443, Jan. 01, 2019.
|
| Conference Paper |
[7]
Y.-C. Hsu et al., “Smell Pittsburgh: community-empowered mobile smell reporting system,” in Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, in IUI ’19. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, Mar. 2019, pp. 65–79.
|
| Technical Report |
[8]
O. Angst et al., “Move That Goo!,” NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, United States, Aug. 2023. Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: ProQuest
|
| A film/DVD |
[9]
Lily Films and D. K. Garcia, Mill Valley, Calif. The future of food, (2004).
|
| Patent |
[10]
S. L. Kwolek, “Poly(p-benzamide) composition,process and product,” U.S. Patent 3 600 350 A, Aug. 17, 1971 Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: Google Patents.
|
| Standard | [11] Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, ASTM C1202-19, ASTM International, Washington, D.C., USA, Feb. 1, 2019. |
| Newspaper Article [In Database] |
[12]
D. Templeton, “Region Gets an ‘F’ for Pollution Pittsburgh’s Air Again Ranks Among Worst in Nation,” Pittsburgh Post - Gazette, p. B.1, Apr. 27, 2011. Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: ProQuest
|
| Thesis/Dissertation |
[13]
J. W. Gowdy, “Emergent architectures: A case study for outdoor mobile robots,” Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University, United States -- Pennsylvania, 2000. Accessed: Jan. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: ProQuest
|